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Hungary
Islamabad, the 27th September, 1993

INCOME TAX

SRO 864(I)/93. - WHEREAS the annexed Convention between Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Republic of Hungary for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income has been made:

Now, THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers conferred by section 163 of the Income Tax Ordinance, 1979(XXXI of 1979), the Federal Government is pleased to direct that the Convention shall enter 'into force on the 22nd day of August, 1993 and its provisions shall have effect in Pakistan for any assessment year beginning on or after the first day of January, 1994.

Annex
CONVENTION BETWEEN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME.

The Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Government of the Republic of Hungary.

DESIRING to conclude a Convention for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income and to further develop and facilitate their economic
relationship.

HAVE AGREED as follows:

ARTICLE 1
PERSONAL SCOPE

This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

ARTICLE 2
TAXES COVERED

1. This Convention shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political sub-divisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.

2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income, or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises as well as taxes on capital appreciation.

3. The existing taxes to which the Convention shall apply are in Particular:
(a) in the Republic of Hungary:

(i) the income tax;
(ii) the profit taxes;
(hereinafter referred to as "Hungarian tax");

(b) in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan:
(i) the income tax;
(ii) the super tax;
(iii) the surcharge;
(hereinafter referred to as "Pakistan tax");

4. The Convention shall also apply to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of this Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other any significant changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws.

ARTICLE 3
GENERAL DEFINITIONS

1. For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) the term "Pakistan" used in the geographical sense means Pakistan as defined in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and includes any area outside the territorial waters of Pakistan which under the laws of Pakistan and international law is an area within which Pakistan exercises sovereign rights and exclusive jurisdiction with respect to the natural resources of the sea-bed and sub-soil and super-jacent waters;

(b) the term "Hungary" when used in a geographical sense means the territory of the Republic of Hungary;
(c) the terms "a Contracting State" and "the other Contracting State" mean Hungary or the Pakistan as the context requires;
(d) the term "person" includes an individual, a company and any other body or persons;
(e) the term "company" means any body corporate or any entity which is
treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
(f) the terms "enterprise of a Contracting State" and "enterprise of the other Contracting State" mean, respectively, an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;
(g) the term "nationals" means:

(i) all individuals possessing the nationality of a Contracting State;
(ii) all legal persons, partnerships and associations deriving their status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State*.
(*The word "State" is wrongly appeared as "States" in the Official Gazette.)

(h) the term "international traffic" means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise which has its place of effective management in a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;
(i) the term "competent authority" means:

(i) in the case of Hungary, the Minister of Finance or his authorised representative;
(ii) in the case of Pakistan, the Central Board of Revenue or its authorised representative.

2. As regards the application of the Convention by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the law of that State concerning the taxes to which the Convention applies.

ARTICLE 4
FISCAL DOMICILE

1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that Contracting State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature. But this term does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect of income from sources in that State.

2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1, an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:

(a) He shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both Contracting States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);

(b) If the Contracting State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either Contracting State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which he has a habitual abode;

(c) If he has a habitual abode in both Contracting States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State of which he is a national;

(d) If he is a national of both Contracting States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1, a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which its place of effective management is situated.

ARTICLE 5
PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT

1. For the purposes of this convention, the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business (including a place of production) through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.

2. The term "permanent establishment" includes especially:

(a) a place of management;
(b) a branch;
(c) an office;
(d) a factory;
(e) a workshop;
(f) a warehouse;
(g) a permanent exhibition; and
(h)a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.

3. The term "permanent establishment" likewise encompasses a building site a construction, assembly or installation project and supervisory activities, if any, connected therewith, but only where such site, project and its connected supervisory activities continue for a period of more than six months.

4. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of his Article, the term "permanent establishment" shall be deemed not to include:

(a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display, or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise, other than goods or merchandise held for sale by such enterprise in a store or premises used as a sales outlet or in a warehouse;

(b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery, other than goods or merchandise held for sale by such enterprise in a store or premises used as a sales outlet or in a warehouse;

(c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;

(d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or for collecting information, for the enterprise;

(e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activities of a preparatory or auxiliary character;

(f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (e) provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.

5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs I and 2, where a person other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies is acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned Contracting State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, if such a person:

(a) has and habitually exercises in that State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph; or

(b) has no such authority, but habitually maintains in the first-mentioned State a stock of goods or merchandise from which he regularly delivers, goods or merchandise on behalf of the enterprise.

6. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, an insurance enterprise of a Contracting State shall, except in regard to re-insurance, be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it collects premiums in the territory of that other State or insures risks situated therein through a person other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies.

7. An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that other contracting State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.

8. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other Contracting State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.

ARTICLE 6
INCOME FROM IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in the other State.

2. The term "immovable property" shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships, boats and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting or use in any other form of immovable property.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.

ARTICLE 7
BUSINESS PROFITS

1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that Contracting State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other Contracting State but only so much of them as is attributable to;

(a) that permanent establishment;
(b)sales in that other State of goods or merchandise of the same or similar kind as those through that permanent establishment; or
(c) other business activities carried on in that other Contracting State of the similar kind as those effected through that permanent establishment.

2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other contracting through a permanent establishment situated herein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.

3. (a) In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere, which are allowed under the provisions of the domestic law of the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment is situated.

(b) However, no such deduction shall be allowed in respect of amounts, if any, paid (otherwise than towards reimbursement of actual expenses) by the permanent establishment to the head office of the enterprise or any of its other offices by way of royalties, fees or other similar payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, or by way of commissions, for specific services performed or for management, or, except in the case of a banking enterprise, by way of interest on moneys lent to the permanent establishment. Likewise, no account shall be taken in the determination of the profits of a permanent establishment, for amounts charged (otherwise than towards reimbursement of actual expenses) by the permanent establishment to the head-office of the enterprise of any of its other offices, by way of royalties, fees or other similar payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, or by way of commission for specific services performed or for management, or except in the case of a banking enterprise by way of interest on moneys lent to the head office of the enterprise or any of its other offices.

4. Insofar as it has been customary in a contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary. The method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this Article.

5. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.

6. For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.

7. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.

ARTICLE 8
SHIPPING AND AIR TRANSPORT

1. Profits from the operation of aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.

2. Profits from sources within a Contracting state derived by an enterprise of the other Contracting State from operation of ships in international traffic may be taxed in the first-mentioned State in accordance with its domestic law, but the tax charged shall be reduced by 50 per cent The profits from sources within a Contracting State shall consist of the amount paid or payable to, or received or deemed to be received by the enterprise of the other Contracting State, or on its behalf, on account of carriage of passengers, livestock, mail or goods shipped at any port of the first-mentioned state.

3. The provisions of foregoing paragraphs of this Article shall also apply to profits from the participation in a poll, a joint business or an international operating agency.

.ARTICLE 9
ASSOCIATED ENTERPRISES

1. Where:
(a) an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or

(b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State:

And in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.

2. Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State and taxes accordingly profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State, and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other Contracting State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall, if necessary, consult each other.

ARTICLE 10
DIVIDENDS

1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the dividends the tax so charged shall not exceed:

(a) 15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends if the recipient is a company which holds directly at least 25 per cent of the capital of the company paying the dividends:

(b) 20 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends in all other cases.

This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

3. the term "dividends" as used in this Article means income from shares, mining shares, founder shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.

4. The provisions of paragraphs I and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply.

5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other Contracting State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other Contracting State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other Contracting State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other Contracting State.

ARTICLE 11
INTEREST

1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2. However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the interest the tax so charged shall not exceed 15 per cent of the gross amount of the interest.

3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article;

(a) Interest arising in Hungary and paid to the Government of Pakistan or the State Bank of Pakistan shall be exempt from Hungarian tax;

(b)Interest arising in Pakistan and paid to the Government of Hungary or the National Bank of Hungary shall be exempt from Pakistan tax;

(c) The competent authorities of the Contracting States may determine by mutual agreement any other institution to which this paragraph shall apply.

4. The term 'interest' as used in this Article means income from debt claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage, and in Particular income from loans and credits and bank deposits, as well as any other income which is subjected to the same taxation as income from funds borrowed.

5. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with:

(a) such permanent establishment or a fixed base, or
(b) business activities referred to under sub-paragraph (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 7. In such cases the provisions of Article 7 shall apply.

6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a political sub-division, a local authority or a resident of that Contracting State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent. establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.

ARTICLE 12
ROYALTIES

1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other
Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2. However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which
they arise, and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the royalties, the tax so charged shall not exceed 15 per cent of The gross amount of the royalties.
3. The term "royalties" as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films and films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or commercial or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.
4. The provisions of paragraphs I and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in the other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with;

(a) that permanent establishment or fixed base, or
(b) business activities referred to under (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 7.

In such cases the provisions of Article 7 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply.

5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a political sub-division, a local authority or a resident of that State. Where however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the obligation to make the payments was incurred, and the payments are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

6. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, exceeds the amount which would have been paid in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.

ARTICLE 13
FEES FOR TECHNICAL SERVICES

1. Fees for technical services arising in a Contracting State and paid to an enterprise of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2. However, such fees for technical services may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner thereof, the tax so charged shall not exceed 15 per cent of the gross amount of the fees.
3. The term "fees for technical services" as used in this Article means any consideration (including any lump sum consideration) for the provision or rendering of any managerial, technical or consultancy services (including the provision by the enterprise of the services of technical or other personnel) but does not include consideration for any activities mentioned in paragraph 3 of Article 5 or consideration which would be income falling under Article 15 of the Convention.
4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the fees for technical services being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the fees for technical services arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or Performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated· therein, and the contract in respect of which the fees for technical services are paid is effectively connected with:

(a) such permanent establishment or fixed base; or
(b) business activities referred to under (c) of paragraph I of Article 7. In such cases the provisions of Article 7 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply.

5. Fees for technical services shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that Stake itself, a political sub-division, a local authority or a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the fees for technical services, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the obligation to make the payments was incurred, and the payments are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base then such fees for technical services shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

6. Where by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person the amount of the fees for technical services exceeds the amount which would have been paid in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of such Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.

ARTICLE 14
CAPITAL GAINS

1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State my be taxed in that other State.

2. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property Pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the Purpose of Performing independent personal services including such gains from the alienation of such permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed based, may be taxed in that other State.

3. Gains from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.

4. Gains from the alienation of shares of the capital stock of a company the property of which consists directly or indirectly principally of immovable property situated in a Contracting State may be taxed in that State.

5. Gains from the alienation of shares, other than those mentioned in paragraph 4, representing a participation of 25 per cent in a company which is a resident of a Contracting State may be taxed in that State, provided that the transfer takes place in one of the Contracting State.

6. Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in the preceding paragraphs shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.

ARTICLE 15
INDEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State except in one of the following circumstances, when such income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State:

(a) if he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities; in that case, only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base may be taxed in that other State; or

(b) if his stay in the other Contracting State is for a period or periods exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in the fiscal year concerned; in that case, only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State; or

(c) if the remuneration for his activities in the other Contracting State is paid by a resident of that State or is borne by a permanent establishment or fixed base situated in that State; in that case, only so much of the remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.

2. The term "professional services" includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physician, dentists, lawyers, engineers, architects and accountants.

ARTICLE 16
DEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 17, 19, 20, 21 and 22, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.

2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:

(a) the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in the fiscal year concerned; and
(b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State; and
(c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.

3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard* a ship or aircraft, operated in international traffic, may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.

ARTICLE 17
DIRECTORS, FEES

1. Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of* the board of directors or any other similar organ of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that State.

*The word "aboard" has wrongly appeared as "abroad" in the Official Gazette.
*The word "of" is missing from the Official Gazette.

2. Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as an official in a top level managerial position of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

ARTICLE 18
ARTISTES AND ATHLETES

1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 15 and 16, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as an athlete, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.

2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or an athlete in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or athlete himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7, 15 and 16, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or athlete are exercised, if that person is directly or indirectly controlled by the entertainer or athlete.

3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article income mentioned in this Article shall be exempt from tax in the Contracting State in which the activity of the entertainer or athlete is exercised provided that this activity is supported mainly out of public funds of this State or of the other State or the activity is exercised under a cultural agreement or arrangement between the Contracting States.

ARTICLE 19
PENSIONS

Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 20, pensions and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that State.

ARTICLE 20
GOVERNMENT SERVICE

1. (a) Remuneration other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a political sub-division or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or sub-division or authority shall be taxable only in that State.

(b) However, such remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that other State and the individual is a resident of that State who:

(i) is a national of that State; or
(ii) did not become a resident or that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.

2. (a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political sub-division ,or local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or sub-division or authority shall be taxable only in that State.

(b) However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of that State.

3. The provisions of Articles 16, 17 and 19 shall apply to remuneration and pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a local authority thereof.

ARTICLE 21
STUDENTS

Payments which a student or an apprentice who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.

ARTICLE 22
TEACHERS

Remuneration received for education or scientific research by an individual who is, or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State, a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first State for the purpose of scientific research or for teaching at a university, college, establishment for higher education, or at a similar establishment shall be exempt from tax in the first State provided that such establishment belongs to non-profit making legal entities.

ARTICLE 23
OTHER INCOME

1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.

2. The provisions of paragraph I shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case, the provisions of Article 7 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply.

3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Convention and arising in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State:

ARTICLE 24
ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION

The double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:
(a) In Hungary:

(i) Where a resident of Hungary derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention may be taxed in Pakistan, Hungary shall, subject to the provisions of sub-paragraphs (ii) and (iii), exempt such income from tax.

(ii) Where a resident of Hungary derives items of income which, in accordance with the provisions of Articles 10, 11, 12 and 13 may be taxed in Pakistan, Hungary shall allow as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident an amount equal to the tax paid in Pakistan. Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable to such items of income derived from Pakistan.

(iii) Where in accordance with any provision of the Convention income derived by a resident of Hungary is exempt from tax in Hungary, the Republic of Hungary may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such resident, take into account the exempted income.

(b) In Pakistan:

(i) Subject to the provisions of the laws of Pakistan, regarding the allowance as a credit against Pakistan tax, the amount of Hungarian tax payable, under the laws of Hungary and in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, whether directly or by deduction by a resident of Pakistan, in respect of income from sources within Hungary which has been subject to a tax both in Pakistan and Hungary shall be allowed as a credit against the Pakistan tax payable in respect of such income but in an amount not exceeding that proportion of Pakistan tax which such income bears to the entire income chargeable to Pakistan tax.

(c) For the purposes of allowance as a credit the tax payable in Hungary or Pakistan, as the context requires, shall be deemed to include the tax which is otherwise payable in a Contracting State but has been reduced or waived by that State in pursuance of its tax incentive programmes.

ARTICLE 25
NON-DISCRIMINATION

1. Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other
Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances are or maybe subjected These* provisions shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

*The word "These" bas wrongly appeared as "This" in the Official Gazette.

2. The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting' State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.

3. Except where the provisions of paragraph I of Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article 11, paragraph 6 of Article 12 or paragraph 6 of Article 13, apply, interest, royalties, fees for technical services and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.

4. Enterprise of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State, operating under the same or similar conditions, are or may be subjected.

5. The provisions of this Article shall apply to taxes covered under Article 2.

ARTICLE 26
MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE

1. Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 25, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.

2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention. Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States.

3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Convention.

4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs. When it seems advisable in order to reach agreement to have an oral exchange of opinions, such exchange may take place between representatives
of the competent authorities of the Contracting States.

ARTICLE 27
EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Convention in so far as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by Article :l. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of the State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) involved in the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Convention. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions. The information received will be treated as secret on request of the Contracting State giving the information.

2. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

(a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;

(b) to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting States;

(c) to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial, or professional secret or trade process or information, the disclosure of which Would be contrary to public policy (order public).

ARTICLE 28
MEMBERS OF DIPLOMATIC OR CONSULAR MISSIONS

Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic or consular missions under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.

ARTICLE 29
ENTRY INTO FORCE

1. The Contracting States shall notify each other that the constitutional requirements for the entry into force of this convention have been complied with.
2. This Convention shall enter into force sixty days after the date of the later of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1 and its provisions shall apply:

(a) in Hungary:

(i) in respect of taxes withheld at source, to amounts of income derived on or after1st January in the calendar year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force;


(ii) in respect of other taxes on income, to such taxes chargeable for any taxable year beginning on or after 1st January in the calendar year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force.

(b) in Pakistan:

(i) in respect of tax withheld at the source on amount paid or credited to non-residents on or after the first day of July of the year in which the convention enters into force and

(ii) in respect of other taxes for assessment years beginning on or after the first day of July in which the Convention enters into force.

ARTICLE 30
TERMINATION

This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by one of the contracting States. Either Contracting State may terminate the Convention, through diplomatic channels, by giving a notice of termination at least six month before the end of any calendar year following after the period of five years from the date on which the Convention enters into force. In such event the Convention shall cease to have effect:

(a) In Hungary:

(i) in respect of taxes withheld at source, to amount of income derived on or after 1st January in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice is given;

(ii) in respect of other taxes on income, to such taxes chargeable for any taxable year beginning on or after 1st January in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice is given.

(b) In Pakistan:

(i) in respect of taxes withheld at source, to amount of income derived on or after 1st July in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice is given;

(ii) in respect of other taxes on income, to such taxes chargeable for any taxable year beginning on or after 1st July in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice is given.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorised herto, have signed this Convention.

DONE in duplicate at Islamabad this 24th day of February, 1992 in the English language.

[C. No. 2 (10) IT-2/76.]

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